Tenses

Direct Sentence

Indirect Sentence

Tenses

Simple Pres.:

"I clean the windows eve­ry month."

She said she cleaned the windows every month.

Simple Past

Pres. Cont.:

"I am cleaning the win­dows now."

She said she was cleaning the windows at that time.

Past Cont.

Simple Past:

"I cleaned the windows yesterday."

She said she had cleaned the windows the day be­fore.

Past Perfect

Past Cont.:

"I was cleaning the win­dows from four to six yes­terday."

She said she had been cle­aning the windows from four to six the day before.

Past Perf. Cont.

Present Perfect:

"I have cleaned the win­dows."

She said she had cleaned the windows.

Past Perfect

Present Perfect Continuous

"I have been cleaning the windows for an hour."

She said she had been cle­aning the windows for an hour.

Past Perfect Cont.

Past Perfect

"After I had cleaned the windows I had a rest."

She said after she had cleaned the windows she had had a rest.

Past Perfect

Past Perfect Continuous

"After I had been clean­ing the windows for an hour I had a rest."

She said after she had been cleaning the win­dows for an hour she had had a rest.

Past Perfect Cont.

Simple Future:

"I shall clean the win­dows tomorrow."

She said she would clean the windows the next day.

Future in the Past

Future Continuous:

"I shall be cleaning the windows all day long to­morrow."

She said she would be cleaning the windows all day long the next day.

Future Cont. in the Past

Fut. Perfect:

"I shall have cleaned the

windows by the time you comeback."

She said she would have cleaned the windows by the time you came back.

Future Perf. in the Past

Modals

can

must

may

needn’t

I can clean the windows.

I must clean the windows.

I may clean the windows.

I needn’t clean the windows.

She said she could clean the windows.

She said she had to clean the windows.

She said she might clean the windows.

She said she didn’t need to clean the windows.

could

had to

might

didn’t need to

Imperative

Clean the widows.

Don’t clean the windows.

She told me to clean the windows.

She told me not to clean the windows.

to   + infinitive

Requests

Will you clean the windows, please?

She asked me to clean the windows.

to    + infinitive

Questions

Yes/No

Wh-

questions

Do you clean the windows everyday?

When do you clean the windows?

She asked if/whether I cleaned the windows everyday.

She asked me when I cleaned the windows.

If/whether - normal word order – time change

question word – normal word order – time change